Ruth Ziolkowski, who has died aged 87, spent much of her life helping her husband, the Polish-American sculptor Korczak Ziolkowski, to achieve his dream of transforming a mountain in the Black Hills of South Dakota into a colossal sculpture depicting the 19th-century Oglala Lakota war chief Crazy Horse.
"Chelsea's transformed a lot.
In summer, Whistler transforms to a mountain biker's dream.
The lump sits up fast, the bedspread transformed into a mountain.
When a cry of "Land ahoy!" rings out, Jim sees a distant outline, at first "no more definite than a breath on a windowpane," then acquiring substance and becoming "an almond shape, like half an eye," then transforming into a mountain, then "three mountains, running up clear in spires of naked rock".
Dona Orquidea plods patriotically home to transform herself "into a mountain range of schist, into stratified slate, into basaltic formations".
My wife and I were visiting the country and had heard about the effort to transform the mountain into an unlikely tourist attraction since a 2010 eruption killed more than 300 villagers and forced over 100,000 to evacuate their homes and farms, and to abandon jobs in sand mining.
The invention of the panorama and the photomechanical reproduction of mountain views transformed a geophysical phenomenon into an object of aesthetic value and topographical knowledge.
Elizabeth Simonson, the third exhibitor, transformed a wall into topography by drawing pencil lines in painstaking, endlessly repetitive patterns that evoke mountains receding in the distance.
