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Transfers of dead foliar and fine root C are made to the litter pools and transfers of tree C to a standing dead (snag) pool.
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p.5, l. 98 108: Incongruence between trees is considered to be synonym of lateral gene transfer, and the possibility of tree reconstruction artefacts is not discussed.
Since that, different versions of cry genes have been transferred into a number of tree species, including walnut (Juglans regia) [ 12], European larch (Larix decidua Mill).
RAT: Recombination analysis tool; BYA: billion years ago; MYA: million years ago; LGT: lateral gene transfers; TOL: tree of life; ML: maximum likelihood.
RNoL: rooted net of life; HGT: horizontal genetic transfer; ToCD: tree of cellular divisions; ToL: tree of life.
There is a need for more knowledge transfer from the many studies of tree genetic diversity to the day-to-day management of trees and forests.
The mean number of estimated transfers per tree in the fungi data was 9, whereas it was 17.2 in the gammaproteobacteria data.
Even though the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is challenging the concept of tree of life and suggests using ticket-like network to depict evolution [2], [3], the backbone of the tree of life is intact [4], revealing the prevailing trend in the evolution of genome-scale gene sets or species [5].
In view of the pervasive horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotic genomes, the validity of tree thinking is questionable.
The timing of dieback (~2005) and the apparent difference in duff/litter C stocks of 0.11 kg C m-2 suggests that approximately 10% of tree C was transferred from live biomass to the duff/litter soil compartment within a year of tree mortality.
However, modern research has suggested that, due to horizontal gene transfer, this "tree of life" may be more complicated than a simple branching tree since some genes have spread independently between distantly related species.
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