For example, in rural Mexico, pregnant women who were beneficiaries of Oportunidades received a cash transfer conditional on attending five antenatal care visits, taking nutritional supplements, and participating in monthly meetings led by beneficiary representatives to discuss prenatal care, nutrition, and reproductive health information.
However, this transfer was conditional on staying in school and so this reform is not directly informative about the effects of unconditional variations in income.
The "take-up" rate of entitlements (by which we mean receipt of a transfer programme conditional on being eligible for some non-zero amount) are computed to be 45.4% for Family Credit, 58.4% for Housing Benefit and 85.6% for child nutrition programmes (conditional on receiving the associated cash transfer).
In Cortés et al. (2010, 2016), compliance is very high because they exploit a CCT program for which the cash transfer is conditional on school attendance (and academic performance); Alzúa et al. (2016) rely on mandatory schooling laws, which are difficult to enforce (particularly in economies with high informality, such as LAC countries).
We designed and evaluated a novel intervention that tests for risky sexual behaviour repeatedly over short time intervals, reinforcing learning about safer behaviour with cash transfer incentives conditional on testing negative for a set of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
CCTs, where transfers are normally conditional on children enrolling in school and achieving around an 85% attendance rate, show strong impacts on schooling.
We show that in practice the potential gains of centralizing the eligibility rule and transfer amount are conditional on the efficiency of targeting.
In contrast, in-kind transfers, because they were conditional on cash benefit receipt, simply required that applicants complete a short form detailing the number and ages of their children and verify that they were in receipt of Income Support (or also Family Credit prior to the 1988 reform).
This program provided incentives to households in the form of cash transfer payments to women conditional on engaging in certain behaviors related to child health, nutrition and education.
Both CCT assistance and financial remittances consist of money transfers; and both are delivered conditional on spending being made in specific ways, such as on food, healthcare, education, and the like.
