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The particular polymorphism pattern observed for IGS NOD might be explained by both the host-plant selective pressure that acts on nod genes and the events of horizontal transfer that affect the nod gene cluster [ 34].
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The average diffusion coefficient is a key parameter in mass transfer that affects signal interpretation in dynamic electroanalytical techniques.
A possible explanation for the spike in the estimated evolutionary rate might be the greater contribution of gene transfer processes that affect multiple genes at a time, such as transfer of pathogenicity and symbiosis islands at short evolutionary distances (Groisman and Ochman 1996; Juhas et al. 2009).
Deaton [11] explains that if income inequalities affect health, transfer policies that affect the distribution of incomes would have good effects through individual levels of health.
We have designed a test rig that is useful for studying the heat transfer mechanisms that affect the outcome of radiofrequency ablation devices.
This is a key point, since a previous study has shown that some bacterial operons present horizontal gene transfer events that affect not the entire operons but single genes within the operons [ 12].
This first estimation of the exposure-response relationship for the high-exposure levels characteristic of developing countries has immediate and important consequences for international public health policies, energy and combustion research, and technology transfer efforts that affect more than 2 billion people worldwide.
The purpose of the study was to identify factors that affect transfer times between the emergency department and the intensive care unit (ICU) in a community hospital.
Climate change could affect local to regional air quality directly through changes in chemical reaction rates, boundary layer heights (i.e., the layer of air near the ground that is affected by diurnal heat, moisture, and momentum transfer to/from the surface) that affect vertical mixing of pollutants, and changes in synoptic airflow patterns that govern pollutant transport.
First, the mechanisms of water vapor and liquid water transfer through textiles and characteristics of textile materials that affect moisture transfer processes are described.
This chapter discusses key sliding parameters that affect the transfer film characteristics, as well as the role that transfer films play in the wear rate of polymers in sliding.
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