"We discovered that most participants, within less than a minute, transfer the sensation of touch to the region of empty space where they see the paintbrush move, and experience an invisible hand in that position," said researcher Arvid Guterstam, a neuroscientist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
Our findings outline a simple method for transferring tactile sensations from the stump to a prosthetic limb by tricking the brain, thereby making an important contribution to the field of neuroprosthetics where a major goal is to develop artificial limbs that feel like a real parts of the body.
Study designs incorporating a measure of expectation allowed a tighter assessment of sensation transfer.
Vibrations are rendered on the display panel of a mobile electronic device to transfer a tactile sensation to users.
Seventy-eight studies in 69 articles, published between 1966 and 2014 were identified which evaluated sensation transfer.
Sixty-five of the 78 studies found an effect of extrinsic information on taste and/or hedonic outcomes, providing strong evidence for sensation transfer.
The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on sensation transfer for unhealthy food and drink and to investigate personal factors that may influence its occurrence.
These studies also support the hypothesis that where sensation transfer does not occur, this is likely due to a mismatch between the expectations elicited by the extrinsic information and the sensory characteristics being measured, or the failure of the extrinsic information to elicit an expectation of taste for that product.
Borland and Savvas [ 2] note a number of internal tobacco industry studies of "sensation transfer" that reveal how smokers' perceptions of cigarette attributes are impacted by product appearance, such as length and colors.
At an early stage of mental life the child will experience pleasure from some object say an apple and transfers the pleasant sensation to the object, so that it becomes part of the content of the apple, a part of what that object means to the child, or, better, a part of what the child sees in that object.
