Fig. 1 Schematic presentation of mass transfer of substances in and out of alginate bead.
Sexual selection favors the transfer of substances, called allohormones, that enhance the reproductive success of the sperm donor [2], [3], [35].
Strikingly, the transfer of substances via the seminal fluid has not been convincingly demonstrated in simultaneous hermaphrodites, even though this seems the method of choice in species with separate sexes.
Perfusion experiments on human placenta are a wonderful tool to investigate the transfer of substances.
The transfer of substances into and out of compartments is governed by the law of mass balance.
ROS extend up to the apical part of the RPE and are tightly enveloped by microvilli of RPE cells that increase the contact area of these two cell types to facilitate transfer of substances, including retinoids.
The placenta is responsible for the (bidirectional) transfer of substances between the maternal and foetal circulations including carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, nutrients, hormones, vitamins, and also xenobiotics including drugs and toxic compounds (Desforges and Sibley 2010).
The transfer of substances and the amount that enters the fetal circulation are tightly controlled by at least four different mechanisms: simple diffusion, active transport, biotransformation through metabolic enzymes, and phagocytosis or pinocytosis (Syme et al. 2004).
The rate of gas evolution immediately at the electrode has a great effect on heat and mass transfer (of any substance) at gas-evolving electrodes.
There are strong indications that the contaminant in soils can be transported to the degrading community via diffusion, resulting in mass transfer of the substance to the degradation location on the particles [31].
A possible explanation for the continued detection of these residues is the natural occurrence of CAP in plant material which is used as animal feed, with the consequent transfer of the substance to the animal tissues.
