Sentence examples for transfer of macromolecules from inspiring English sources

The study of bacterial pathogen biology has been periodically punctuated by key scientific discoveries, such as the direct transfer of macromolecules (DNA and proteins) across the prokaryote eukaryote phylogenetic divide.

The precise physical mechanisms associated with this transfer of macromolecules through the cell envelope remain unexplained, however it has been observed that the ion bombardment is accompanied by the formation of "microcraters" on the wall of plant cells, and it is possible that these features provide channels for the macromolecule transfer.

It is based on the application of strong electric pulses for a very short duration to enhance transfer of macromolecules like DNA and proteins through cell membranes.

Remarkably, these vesicles also contained a polysaccharide destined to the extracellular space, suggesting that post-Golgi secretion is involved with the transfer of macromolecules through the cell wall.

The Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) is a multifunctional family of translocation pathways that mediate the transfer of macromolecules (proteins, DNA or DNA-protein complexes) across the bacterial cell envelope either to the outside medium or to other cells (prokaryotic or eukaryotic).

First, the horizontal transfer of macromolecules, including RNA, from host plant to parasitic plant has been shown to occur experimentally [ 40, 41].

In addition, it was observed that the electrochemically driven transfer of these macromolecules corresponds to a quasi-reversible process.

In parallel work, onion skin cells have been bombarded with Ar+ ions at energy 25 keV and fluence1 2 × 1015 ions/cm2, revealing the formation of microcrater-like structures on the cell wall that could serve as channels for the transfer of large macromolecules into the cell interior.

Recent developments in the field of ion beam bioengineering, for example our own work demonstrating ion beam-induced transfer of exogenous macromolecules into the interior cell region, have underscored the need for a better understanding of the effects of ion bombardment on the cell wall material.

We have reported earlier that the PCI principle can be utilized in vitro for transfer of various macromolecules.

The intestinal epithelial barrier must allow water and nutrients to pass freely, yet prevent transfer of larger macromolecules.