Sentence examples for transfer of effector from inspiring English sources

Current attempts at harnessing the immune system to eliminate tumors have been focusing on vaccination, such as a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine, to increase the frequency of tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and adoptive transfer of effector T cells to promote tumor regression [ 91].

Cytotoxic CD4+ targeting viral antigens [ 53– 55] and alloantigens [ 56– 58] have been described previously, but in these models, the influence of Tregs on effector CD4+ T-cell activity was not investigated but the tumor or the pathogen was eliminated by adoptive transfer of effector CD4+ T cells [ 57, 59].

Instead, these attaching/effacing lesion-forming pathogens carry a set of virulence genes termed the locus of enterocyte effacement which enable close association with the apical membrane of intestinal cells, causing local destruction of microvilli and transfer of effector gene products via a type III secretion system [ 1].

To address the mechanisms for these observations, we used an adoptive transfer model of effector and regulatory T cells that we and others have developed [35] [38].

Phylogenetic analysis of pandemic and non-pandemic V. cholerae strains and the effector module sets they harbor provide multiple signs of horizontal gene transfer of T6SS effector modules between distantly related strains (Unterweger et al, 2014).

For this purpose we induced EAE by transfer of activated effector TMBP cells that were retrovirally engineered to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) as genetic marker (effector TMBP-GFP cells) (Flügel et al., 1999).

Overall, our results are compatible with the hypothesis that transfer of neutrophil effector molecules to infected macrophages directly or indirectly mediates parasite destruction in the co-cultures.

The adoptive transfer of immune effector molecules (including monoclonal antibodies) and cells is termed passive vaccination.

The Y/F/WxC-motif is predicted to serve a general and essential function, possibly in transfer of the effector proteins across the EHM.

However, the cytotoxic activity of CFPs such as MAP could be improved by the insertion of an adapter sequence that could facilitate transfer of the effector molecule from the endosome to the cytosol (Hetzel et al, 2008).

Further studies with the transfer of immune effector cells and better tools to determine the numbers of fungus-specific T cells prior and after cellular immunotherapy are urgently required.