The large-diameter implant was more facilitative of stress transfer to cortical bone than the small-diameter implant tested.
Indeed, we do not really know how to properly transfer intensity and extent of cortical impact (i.e., ultimately dose) from rats to humans.
Our results demonstrate that a conditioning stimulus reaching the right S1 attenuates the early cortical N20 response in the left S1 activity at interstimulus intervals of 20 and 25 ms, providing direct evidence for transcallosal information transfer at an early stage of cortical processing in the human somatosensory system.
As suggested by the present results, LTP induction not only modifies the expected synaptic response where the tetanization is aimed, but may also block the subsequent transfer of information toward other cortical circuits involved in associative learning [2], [14], [21], [22].
Yet, it is unclear whether the replay of rewarded memories during sleep primarily involves the transfer of hippocampal memories to cortical sites (Frankland and Bontempi, 2005; Gais et al., 2007; Takashima et al., 2009), or the strengthening of memory-reward associations, implicating hippocampal-striatal interactions (Lansink et al., 2009).
In additional analyses the ability to differentiate between states of cortical activation in the transfer condition (which is more demanding than under direct feedback) was used as the relevant index of training success.
In addition, Bi et al. reported that the transfer of ChR2 restored visually evoked cortical responses in blind mice [8].
Reactivation of waking patterns is suggested to be largely confined to SWR periods (Buzsaki, 1989) during which the synchronized firing of CA1 pyramidal cells facilitates the transfer of reactivated patterns to other cortical areas (Chrobak & Buzsaki, 1994).
These approaches represent a valuable addition to those based on correlation and synchronization analysis [8]: the results of functional and effective connectivity represent a significant added value to neuroscience, since they allow to pinpoint the temporal pattern of activation and information transfer between cortical areas [16].
