Exact(1)
Theoretical predictions for the different transducers' distance measurement errors agreed with careful measurements obtained with a specially designed array of stainless-steel rods immersed in paraffin oil (1447 m/s).
Similar(59)
The choice of the transducer distance to the opposite reactor wall therefore depends on the transducer plate frequency selected.
Based on pressure measurements in water, large scale 400 kHz reactor designs can consider larger transducer distance to opposite wall and larger active cross-section, and therefore can reach higher volumes than when using 2 MHz transducer plates.
In addition, the fat separation was enhanced by reducing the transducer reflector distance in the vessel, operating two transducers in a parallel set-up, or by increasing the duration of insonation, resulting in skimmed milk with a fat concentration as low as 1.7% (w/v) using raw milk after 20 min insonation.
The influence of a large number of parameters was tested such as transducer-probe distance, displacement speed and transmitted power.
Changes in the SNR within the gel with transducer-sample distance are shown in Figure 10(a).
Although the ADC maps also had lower SNR for shorter transducer-sample distances, this was likely to be caused by the spreading out of the signal from the gel over a larger area, due to the significant geometric distortion produced by the US transducer and seen in Figure 9(c).
Deflection was measured using Linear Variable Distance Transducers (LVDT).
ABR waveforms were evoked with trapezoidal wave pure tone pips at 30 cycles per second, delivered at frequencies of 8, 16, and 32 kHz (optimal hearing range in rats; Heffner and Heffner, 2007) at 70 decibels (dB SPL), through high-frequency transducers at a distance of 5 cm at a perpendicular angle to the left pinna.
This may be due to use of a 7.5 MHz transducer with a distance pad that is inferior to the high-frequency transducers employed in the present study.
Using the height adjustment on the US transducer mount, the distance between the top surface of the cryogel sample and the front face of the transducer was varied between 0 and 7 cm, in 1 cm increments.
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