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This route-specificity indicates that the physiological underpinnings of resistance and therefore the evolutionary trajectories of adaptation differ for the routes of infection.
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However, intermittent exposure to low flow (0.5-2 litres) oxygen supplementation may have altered the trajectory of adaptation in these subjects and we cannot know whether our observations would have differed had they been made in climbers who had never used supplemental oxygen.
Despite abundant studies documenting trajectories of evolutionary adaptation and its underlying mechanisms, fewer experiments explicitly focus on evolutionary rescue, in particular where the wild type is expected to decline in the novel environment and population extinction is allowed.
Subsequently, trajectories of parameter adaptations are identified that are essential for the phenotypical changes.
We were able to quantitatively integrate data of wild-type and LXR activated C57BL/6J mice into a consistent model and identified trajectories of parameter adaptations, describing the change in phenotype.
As far as we know, this is the first example of reproducible trajectories to adaptation to mutations that severely compromise a cellular function, and it will be interesting to see if evolving strains, adapting to severe perturbations in other pathways will also lead to reproducible trajectories.
The genetic origin and trajectory of this adaptation has been investigated via a phylogenetic approach [2], [7], [8].
Here we aim to elucidate how biased mutation and selection mediated by host translation machinery will alter the trajectory of codon adaptation in phage protein-coding genes.
Such an event would likely set Paratyphi A and Typhi on a similar trajectory of host adaptation and associated population bottlenecks, which might account for their similar profiles of rapid accumulation of pseudogenes through adaptive selection and genetic drift.
The performance difference between the DCWC scheme and our proposed adaptation scheme can be illustrated with their adaptation trajectories of CWmin as shown in Figure 12.
This location specificity could not be explained by regions of monocular dominance (eye-of-origin factors) or path history (sequential buildup of adaptation over a predictable trajectory across visual space).
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