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Using nationally representative longitudinal data gathered over twelve years, we reveal five distinct smoking trajectories, namely stable nonsmokers (62.5%), gradual escalators (17.5%), rapid escalators (9.4%), stable light smokers (9.3%), and quitters (1.2%).
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The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was used to select the optimal mean time trajectory, namely logarithmic or quadratic, and fixed effects.
In this section, we recall applications of the geometric optimal control theory and numerical continuation methods in trajectory problems, namely in orbital transfer problems and in atmospheric reentry problems.
We examined two tenets of the trajectory hypothesis; namely, that the trabecular tracts from the tension- and compression-loaded sides of a bending environment will: (1) follow 'lines' (trajectories) of tension/compression stress that resemble an arch with its apex on a neutral axis, and (2) form orthogonal (90°) intersections.
In particular, we focus on the interaction of population size with factors that are likely to influence the adaptive trajectories of microbes; namely ruggedness of the fitness landscape, the target size of adaptation and mutation rates.
The system is constructed based on three components namely, trajectory reconstruction, geo-fencing analysis, and gradient boosting modelling.
In light of reports that the company was canceling its investor roadshow and postponing its IPO, daily deals aggregator Yipit has some positive information about Groupon's trajectory in August, namely that it had a banner month revenue-wise.
We again approximate g as a constant over the trajectory of interest, namely g ¯ = ( g ˆ − b ) / 2, which is the average of the initial value of g and the value of g at θ = 0 (Figure 6).
The time window chosen is both cross-sectional and longitudinal: the selected MM11+ subjects have at least an episode of two or more health problems diagnosed within one year by the GP; and they have a course of life trajectory of multiple, namely 11 or more health problems.
Therefore, this paper focuses on the trajectory-based method and will especially emphasize the following two aspects, namely, the trajectory extraction and trajectory description.
Based on the proposed dynamical model, the energy-optimal open-loop trajectories of control inputs, namely, the required specific charges of Lorentz spacecraft, for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration problems with both fixed and free final conditions constraints are derived via Gauss pseudospectral method.
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