They had two traits: emphysema predominantly in the upper lobes of their lungs, and a poor capacity to exercise.
Because the definition in most ordinances uses the term "the majority of traits" or "predominantly" which in legal parlance means in excess of 50percentt.
Under such circumstances loss of resistance traits should predominantly depend on the duration of the protected status [61], [62].
For instance, the performance of specialist herbivores which can cope with chemical defence traits is predominantly affected by water stress and mechanical defence while in other species, multiple defence mechanisms determine feeding and performance [27], [28], [29].
The focal traits were predominantly physiological responses and tolerances, thus 'labile' traits that can be adjusted several times during the life time of an organism.
Predictions arising from this hypothesis were evaluated using phylogenetically-independent contrasts of several life history traits in predominantly selfing versus outcrossing annuals from a data base of 118 species distributed across 14 families.
Although early QTL-based studies suggested that domestication traits were predominantly controlled by a small number of large-effect QTL (e.g. [ 4- 6]), other studies have revealed a higher level of genetic complexity (e.g. [ 7, 8]).
Previous studies have shown that most heritable gene expression traits are predominantly controlled by cis-acting proximal loci (< 1 Mb), and that these signals are consistently more abundant and stable than more distal trans effects (Curtis et al., 2012).
Regardless of whether breed characteristics or quantitative traits are predominantly mapped, the main question is where to set the significance threshold in order to get as few as possible false positives due to genetic drift, while retaining as much as possible of the truly selected sites.
A multiple regression analysis showed that trait anxiety predominantly influenced state anxiety and the PLR parameters.
