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Likewise, the long term-treatment was effective to reduce anxiety traits (effect size =.31) and state scores, and symptoms of binge eating, related to QOL.
Results showed that group differences were by far the largest for autistic traits (effect size 54%, whereas for the other aspects of social functioning and behavior effect sizes ranged between 10 and 22%).
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Predators can simultaneously have lethal (consumption) and non-lethal (modification of traits) effects on their prey.
This study is the first time relatives of individuals with schizophrenia have been imaged using a ToM paradigm, and the results provide evidence of both a state and state-mediated trait effect.
Trait effect – change in a phenotypic trait resulting from the presence of a resistance allele.
Premature responding is associated with nicotine use as both a state and trait effect.
Thus, premature responding is a state effect of alcohol, but its status as a trait effect is less clear.
Here, we refer to a cost of resistance strictly as an effect on allele frequencies, that is, a selective effect rather than a trait effect.
Previous studies already showed that neurocognitive impairment was at least partly a state effect [ 16, 17, 19, 20] or at least partly a trait effect [ 10– 13].
How this trait effect translates into a selective effect, that is, how it influences the frequency of the resistant type, depends on the population structure.
Phylogenetic cluster and population structure analyses revealed the sex trait effect on genetic structure stratification, and that Zhejiang Province could be the centre of diversity of M. rubra.
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