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To study the evolutionary history of S. cerevisiae, the origin of clinical isolates and the importance of a virulence-associated trait, population genetics and phenotypic assays have been applied to an ecologically diverse set of 103 strains isolated from clinics, breweries, vineyards, fruits, soil, commercial supplements and insect guts.
After this adjustment, the trait population mean was added to the observations to obtain predicted trait values.
When a farmer makes a selection decision based on a maternally affected trait, population mean performances change in response to both its direct and maternal breeding value.
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However, tracing back established mutualisms to their origin is challenging as no intermittent states are defined with which to measure the adaptation in terms of phenotypic traits, population size and local environment [1].
Estimates of evolutionary potential obtained through quantitative genetic studies will also ultimately be trait-, population- and environment-specific, restricting general application (McGuigan and Sgrò 2009; Hendry et al. 2011).
In the absence of such currently available molecular markers linked to resistance/susceptibility traits, population genetic studies with neutral markers such as microsatellites can provide valuable information about population genetic changes linked to the emergence of drug resistance.
Results yielded support across the method of assessment (interview, questionnaire), level of generality (symptom-specific state, trait), and population (clinical, nonclinical).
For each breed, four box plots are displayed, for each combination of trait and population.
Variation in sensory traits is particularly informative in testing the role of environment in trait and population differentiation.
Based on this approach, the frequency of a descendent pair across all trees was tabulated for each trait and population.
Averaged over all traits per population, mean evolvability of traits in the populations varied from 7to35%5 %.
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