This association of Hsp induction with fitness has been demonstrated for traits of development, growth and reproduction [ 13- 15].
This is particularly evident for metpc2, which is also significantly correlated with the four traits of development time, triglycerides, sugar, and body weight.
Here, we investigated patterns of selection in these two pig breeds and found several regions related to the traits of growth, muscle development and disease resistance.
Hence, just like stress and inhibitor tolerance, efficient D-xylose fermentation is a polygenic trait and the engineering of such traits for development of superior industrial yeast strains has been a major challenge for rational engineering strategies [ 33- 36].
Here, we employed a medium sequencing depth (5 20x/site per individual, on average) approach called genotyping by genome reducing and sequencing (GGRS) to detect genome-wide selection signatures of two domestic pig breeds (Yorkshire and Landrace) that have been under intensive selection for traits of muscle development, growth and behavior.
Historically, the emphasis was placed on whether structural consideration of trait development or environment of trait functioning are more influential at predicting and directing evolutionary change [ 1].
Molecular breeding has been initiated for several traits for development of superior genotypes.
The increased activity of protein degradation machinery is characteristic of PCD and supports our hypothesis that TE formation is an inherent trait of watermelon fruit development.
To capture the dynamic pattern of genetic control, a new statistical model called functional mapping has been developed by incorporating the mathematical aspects of trait development [ 19- 21].
This framework is built by a system of differential equations that quantifies how alterations of different components lead to the global change of trait development and function, and provides a quantitative and testable platform for assessing the multiscale interplay between QTLs and development.
