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In these models the study ID was treated as a random effect whereas fishing pressure (F), trait group (TRAIT) and study setup (SS; empirical or modelling) were treated as fixed effects (F as continuous, and TRAIT and SS as factors).
Importantly, species within the same trait group showed a preference for similar grazing intensities, and different trait groups showed preference for different grazing intensities.
We wanted to determine if this framework could identify habitat and landscape filters that predicted bat use of restored forest at the species-specific and trait group levels.
One of the chief threads to the continuing debate over species and clade selection parallels that over trait group selection and model pluralism.
Together with skepticism about the notion of a trait group (cf. Sober 2011), this amounts to denying the significance of trait groups for natural selection.
Roosting and foraging traits influenced spatial bias, but distance to protected areas was the greatest contributor to spatial sampling bias in a pooled model and 8 out of 10 ecological trait group models.
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Clear differences were apparent between different trait groups, particularly between within-trait modalities.
Spatial biases may vary across ecological trait groups if traits affect associations with landscape features and capture probability.
Plant species were described by morphological, physiological, and reproductive trait groups.
Responses were analysed with respect to functional trait groups in the associated polychaete assemblage using uni- and multivariate statistical techniques.
The weighted means and confidence intervals for the genetic and phenotypic correlations between the trait groups are also given.
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