However, other life-history functions (growth, maintenance of the large Homo brain, reproduction and immune function) might have been very important traits exposed to selection on energetics, and this perspective becomes more valuable if the definition of thrifty genes is expanded to those associated with any aspect of adipose tissue biology, rather than those associated with energy stores only.
Progeny from defined genetic crosses of Tribolium castaneum (F4 and F19) segregating for the phosphine resistance trait were exposed to phosphine to select for the resistance trait while the remainders were left unexposed.
But this trait has exposed Ms. Corey to charges that her emotions sometimes interfere with her judgment.
However, using all trait ratios exposed at least four additional genomic regions (data not shown) that could be involved in urate metabolism in combination with some of the other 43 traits tested.
Selection is unlikely to act on phenotypic traits in isolation and, should genetically correlated traits be exposed to antagonistic selection pressures, rates of microevolution will be slowed (conversely, should they be exposed to synergistic selection pressures, rates will be accelerated).
All but those wing traits presumably involved in mate choice responded to developmental temperature and, of those, all but the wing traits not exposed to predators responded to hormone manipulations.
Grant doesn't quite rescue Adams from the traits that exposed him to ridicule in his own day: as Vice-President, he argued that he should be called "your Majesty".
The results showed that some bacteria only exhibited or enhanced PGP traits when exposed to metals.
Given such variation, what causes organisms with different traits and exposed to different homeostatic mechanisms to be members of the same species?
The U.S. EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program was mandated by Congress in 1996 amid mounting evidence that hormone-mimicking chemicals in the environment alter sexual traits in exposed wildlife.
