Results from those studies have demonstrated that accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) depend on the number of records in the training population, the heritability of the trait, the effective population size, the size of the genome, the density of markers, the genetic architecture of the trait, and the extent of relatedness between training and validation populations [ 1, 11, 13].
Artificial selection is the essential tool for understanding the general evolvability of traits and the extent to which genetic correlations constrain evolution.
(Fuller et al. 2005 ) Artificial selection is the essential tool for understanding the general evolvability of traits and the extent to which genetic correlations constrain evolution.
Whether other, more divergent strains also express this trait and to what extent their genetic makeup contributes to transmission are highly relevant to understanding the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis.
We build up a picture of the general patterns of covariance among traits (and thus prevalence and extent of pleiotropy), beginning by considering the simplest form of pleiotropy, that affecting just 2 traits, and building to consider sets of 5 traits.
Our results suggest a need for explicitly considering individual tree fecundity and both stem and crown size as possible traits influencing the shape and extent of a species' seed shadow in forests.
Counter to this prediction, the data in some studies appear to have slopes that differ significantly from one [e.g. [ 13, 10]], suggesting that the direction and extent of trait mismatches is dependent on other factors, such as trait magnitudes.
In other words, the direction and extent of trait variation observed across the geographical range of a species are expected to be similar through time, provided the driving environmental factor varies to a similar extent in both space and time.
Testing the order and extent of trait divergence during the evolution of a clade helps to understand the relative importance of separate morphological and climatic trajectories, as well as the possible drivers of species diversification.
Locus of control is considered a personality trait and defined as the extent to which people believe they can influence the course of their lives [ 79].
Across heterogeneous environments selection and gene flow interact to influence the rate and extent of adaptive trait evolution.
