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(i) The autocorrelation of the training sequence for the th user satisfies (12) for.
It has also shown that ZCZ is the optimal CE training sequence for MIMO system [10 12].
In this section, we introduce how to use the ZCZ sequence as a training sequence for joint TS and CE.
The PN sequence is used not only as a guard interval but also as a training sequence for channel estimation and synchronization in the time domain [3].
The PN sequence is used not only as a guard interval but also as a training sequence for channel estimation and synchronization in the time domain.
Assume that the downlink channel is time invariant (and we therefore need only a single training sequence) for T tot periods.
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Table 2 Timeslots at which the nodes transmit their training sequences for channel estimation protocol A1.
In the manufacturing field, no existing approach integrates engineering documents to generate training sequences for anomaly detection.
Using the new cost function, we can obtain optimal training sequences for a different class of CAZAC sequences.
Now we look at how we can obtain the optimal CAZAC training sequences for the cost function (31).
So far, the optimal training sequences for least squares (LS) channel estimation with respect to minimizing the channel MSE under a training energy constraint have been derived.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com