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Meditation, as conscious training of attention aimed at modifying mental processes to enhance mental wellbeing (Walsh and Vaughan 1980), modulates brain activities associated with cognitive control, emotion regulation, and empathy to improve individual decision-making (Sun et al. 2015).
It means that art training influences performances of some cognitive skills through the training of attention [ 41].
Mindfulness training typically involves the training of attention regulation, body awareness, and emotion regulation, among other components [ 11].
Such an approach was tested in a pilot study, where traditional strength-balance training got complemented with computerized cognitive training of attention [ 68].
In a study of 29 adults with ADHD (medication not controlled for) comparing 10 sessions of individual CBT with 20 sessions of cognitive training (CT; training of attention, executive functions and working memory) and a control condition, a significant effect was only found for self-reported inattention.
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To evaluate the efficacy of a computer-based intensive training program of attention, information processing and executive functions in patients with clinically-stable relapsing remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) and low levels of disability.
Regarding cognitive remediation in schizophrenia, meta-analyses have shown no direct benefit of training techniques of attention [ 50, 51].
The present study attempted to investigate the effect of perceptual-motor training on attention in children with autism spectrum disorders.
The aim of meditative practices is to "reduce or eliminate irrelevant thought processes through training of internalized attention" [ 15].
The "underchallenged" subtype, situated between active and passive coping modes although closer to the latter, may benefit from interventions that encourage interest, satisfaction and personal development through training of conscious attention towards tasks and through the establishment of challenging and significant targets.
This seems amazing, since training of paying attention to the present moment in an open, friendly and non-judgemental way as cultivated through mindfulness practice might be a powerful way for OCD patients to deal with their intrusive, unwanted and often shaming thoughts and urges [ 28].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com