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The MTP threshold reduces errors of omission; cells were coded "suitable" if the Maxent output suitability value was greater than or equal to the lowest output value for the training occurrence points on any of the ten runs for a given species and time period (modern or historical).
The latter constraint ensures the avoidance of HMM under-training occurrences.
This choice is based on the fact that discrete space BNs are less prone to under-training occurrences compared to the continuous space ones [16].
It must be noted that for the cases of the 5th and 6th order polynomial function, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for reducing the dimensionality of the observation vectors and overcoming HMM under-training occurrences.
Although L-HMMs are advantageous in terms of robustness to under-training occurrences compared to H-HMMs, this attribute is accompanied by reduced efficiency in modeling long-term temporal relationships in the data.
The target dimension of the PCA output was set equal to the dimension of the observation vector that is generated when using a 4th order polynomial function (i.e. the highest value of T for which HMM under-training occurrences were not observed).
After training, the occurrence of "spiky" oscillations was reduced and the stationary fields of torque moment of the ankle increased, providing better stability.
Training data provide occurrence frequencies for these features, and a distribution is derived for the conditional probability of a class, given a linguistic input.
Haworth (2008) concluded that the ergonomically and adjustable designed chair with adequate personnel training decreased the occurrence of ergonomic risks, work-related disorders, and injuries and promoted an increase in productivity of around 17.7%.
This training reduced the occurrence of nightmares even when the participant didn't succeed in becoming lucid.
Two quadrants (e.g., the northeast and southwest quadrants) were used to train ENMs, and occurrences in the other two quadrants (northwest and southeast) were used as an independent test of model predictability.
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