The attending physicians and senior trainees provided supervision for junior trainees in a hierarchical supervisory structure, with the senior resident running the day to day clinical activities.
A non-expert was defined as having limited experience with ultrasound, had less than 2 years TVUS experience, with occasional or very limited scanning sessions, e.g. once/month, or considered her/himself as a trainee under supervision, newly qualified or not yet competent in TVUS scanning.
All surgeries were performed by the consultant or by a trainee under supervision.
In many academic centres, endotracheal intubation is frequently performed by junior trainees under supervision.
Twenty-five subjects (69% non-expert group) were trainees under supervision and included two subjects with more than 2 years TAS experience and limited TVUS scanning.
Various grades of endoscopist were involved including consultants, specialists/registrars and trainees under supervision.
All operations were done by a cardiologist or trainees under supervision.
Gastroscopy is performed by various grades of endoscopist including consultants, specialists, and trainees under supervision.
The surgery was performed either by neurosurgeons or neurosurgical trainees under supervision of neurosurgeons.
Colposcopy services are provided by a group of five consultants, two colposcopy specialist nurses and colposcopy trainees under supervision.
