Exact(4)
Network closure benefits domestically trained PhDs gain their first promotion and subsequent promotions for all PhDs.
Empirical results show that the labor market benefits of network structures differ for returnees and domestically trained PhDs throughout their respective careers.
The topic of pushing off retirement first cropped up in the 1990s, when a generation of newly trained PhDs discovered that many baby boomers weren't retiring, which meant there weren't enough jobs in academia for aspiring new faculty.
Secondly, although we found low numbers of HSSR trained PhDs from these universities, HSSR research capacity in this region is enhanced by graduates who are being trained outside of Africa, but return to work in their home countries.
Similar(56)
A clinician, a trained PhD student or a trained research assistant administered the interviews.
Literature-based annotations are derived from published information by trained, PhD-level scientific curators.
Based on interview data and medical record review, trained PhD-and MD-level diagnosticians then completed best-estimate consensus diagnoses according to DSM-IV criteria.
In line with these systemic changes, recent reports indicate many graduate students' interests in research careers decreases as their training progresses (Fuhrmann et al., 2011; Sauermann and Roach, 2012), with many newly trained PhD scientists pursuing careers in policy, communication, law, and other nonacademic fields (Austin and Alberts, 2012).
So what I was really excited about in putting together the DTE program was trying new ways to train PhDs to be effective askers of questions and proposers of solutions, and to create an environment where they could gain experience in how to solve a variety of problems effectively.
The money raised this way could be used to train PhD students and to keep track of the numbers and career destinations of postdocs.
Furthermore, the ICIPE and KEMRI trained two PhD and five MSc students as well as four interns (postgraduate diploma in health research methodology) within the project.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com