Sentence examples for trail signals from inspiring English sources

For example, Nieminen et al. (46) found that Myc primed mitochondria by a mechanism involving activation of Bak, enabling weak TRAIL signals to stimulate the mitochondrial pathway.

These results show that in Colo205 cells, TRAIL signals apoptosis primarily through the DR5 receptor, whereas in HCT15 cells, the TRAIL death signal can be transmitted by both receptors.

The presence of c-FLIP is associated with unfavorable prognosis [ 75], due to its contribution, by regulation of TRAIL signals [ 73], to the resistance towards the apoptotic receptors [ 74], which promotes ovarian tumor progression and development of chemoresistance [ 49].

TRAIL signaling provides another level of complexity compared with CD95L signaling because TRAIL binds to two death receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 as well as to several decoy receptors.

For example, Liu et al. [25] concluded that increased expression of DcR2, which is a decoy receptor that selectively inhibits TRAIL signaling, reduced in vitro chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and etoposide, while Wang and El-Deiry concluded that knockdown of the TRAIL receptor DR5 conferred resistance to 5-fluorouracil [24].

These results revealed that accumulated active caspase-3 by proteasomal inhibition can trigger apoptotic cell death in TRAIL signaling, whereas the death domain-containing TRAIL receptors expressed by VSMCs do not cause apoptotic cell death, even though TRAIL ligation induces caspase-3 activation.

TRAIL signaling mediates T-cell- and natural killer (NK) cell-dependent metastasis suppression in xenografts [6] [9].

Alternatively, induction of TRAIL signaling may promote reductions in HIV viral load through increased immune activation.

The mechanism by which activation of TRAIL signaling induces reductions in HIV viral load is uncertain.

To address this question, we constructed isogenic tumor cell lines that are functional for both TRAIL and FasL signaling, inhibited for both or inhibited for just TRAIL signaling.

Exploitation of TRAIL signaling and subsequent TRAIL-induced apoptosis may have therapeutic value by promoting the death of cells which harbor latent HIV reservoirs in HIV-infected patients.