Furthermore, liver inflammation correlates with TRAIL expression on NK cells and TRAIL-expressing NK cells are enriched in the liver.
In AML1/ETO-expressing cells, hypoxia enhanced TRAIL expression and its proapoptotic effects.
In hypoxia, such a TRAIL repression was removed and an increase of TRAIL expression was induced.
TRAIL expression in the cells was detected by Western blot and soluble TRAIL secreted in the media by ELISA.
Interestingly, IFN-α-neutralizing antibody reduced STAT1 activation (48% inhibition) and significantly reduced TRAIL expression levels, whereas IFN-β-neutralizing antibody treatment did not cause a statistically significant decrease in STAT1 activation or TRAIL expression (Fig. 6I, J).
Recent experiments have revealed that one of the key regulators of TRAIL expression in lymphocytes is the NF-κB transcription factors.
Furthermore, we demonstrate that Sp1 inhibition increases TRAIL expression.
Instead, the region between −165 and −35 contains elements important for NFATc1 induction of TRAIL expression.
We next determined whether STAT1 modulates HIV-1-induced TRAIL expression in MDM.
Previously, we demonstrated that intestinal cell differentiation is associated with the induction of TRAIL expression [10].
Treatment with various cytokines identified IFNs as the critical factors stimulating TRAIL expression.
