Exact(60)
HBV-specific T cells up-regulate TRAIL death receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), which renders them susceptible to apoptosis by TRAIL-expressing NK cells.
Intriguingly, the engagement of both TRAIL death receptors and TRAIL-R4 decoy receptor also activated NF-kB pathway [ 24, 34, 35].
Thus, more potent TRAIL death receptor-targeting reagents, such as oligomerized TRAIL, TRAIL fusion proteins with the capability to anchor to the cell surface or engineered TRAIL death receptor antibodies with high affinity for Fc γRIIb may have the potential to elicit improved anti-tumor activity, but this may come along with a risk for so far not recognized side effects.
Thus, by use of tumor marker-specific scFvs for generation of scFv-TRAIL fusion proteins, tumor-restricted TRAIL death receptor activity can be achieved.
Requirement for caspase-8 further proves that ATO, at the concentrations used, primarily acts to reactivate the TRAIL death pathway, not as a TRAIL-independent cytotoxic stimulus.
Finally, α-TOS can sensitise cancer cells by upregulation of the TRAIL death receptors, as in the TRAIL-resistant mesothelioma cells (Neuzil et al, unpublished).
To increase tumor sensitivity to TRAIL death receptor-mediated apoptosis and to overcome drug resistance, TRAIL receptor ligands have already been combined with various therapies in preclinical models.
Thus, the death receptor, particularly the TRAIL death receptor mediated apoptosis has been under intense research as a cancer therapeutic target [10], [11].
Is there a specific function of cytoplasmic TRAIL death receptors?
Interestingly, an inverse relationship between TRAIL death receptor expression and decoy receptor was observed.
Therefore, they are also referred to as the TRAIL death receptors.
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