We then performed a functional analysis (Table S8) and we found enrichment in Cell proliferation and differentiation (P<0.001), Protein metabolism (P = 0.004), Cell cycle (P = 0.002), Signal transduction (P = 0.01), Intracellular protein trafficking (P = 0.02), and mRNA transcription (P = 0.02).
This cluster of genes was analyzed by IPA (Additional file 2) and results suggest immune response processes and connective tissue disorders, such as immune cell trafficking (P = 0.021), acute phase response signaling (P <0.001) or cell-mediated immune response (P = 0.005).
Therefore, the latency for a realtime traffic d r and a non-realtime traffic d n, as well as the packet loss rate for a realtime p r and a non-realtime traffic p n can be calculated.
Analysis of this group revealed enrichment in genes involved in 'intracellular protein traffic' (p-value = 3.7e-6) and 'cell cycle' (p-value = 8.4e-6) when analyzed for biological process GO terms (Huang et al., 2008, 2009).
LTL decreased in association with age in both traffic officers (p = 0.01) and referents (p = 0.001), but traffic officers had shorter LTL within each age category.
The finding was based on a comparison of each city's overall sprawl index and a parameter known as vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) per person (which Ewing has found is also a risk factor for crashes and traffic fatalities; for more on the growing problem of traffic crashes, see "Vehicular Manslaughter: The Global Epidemic of Traffic Deaths, p. A628 this issue).
The subgroup of subjects with measured traffic data in Turin had a significant higher exposure to all the reported traffic indicators (p < 0.0001, see Additional file 5).
where D n is the delay constraint for the non-realtime traffic, and P r and P n are the packet loss rate threshold for the realtime and non-realtime traffics, and A r and A n are the maximum packet aggregation number for the realtime and non-realtime traffics.
For a particular traffic load, P nb and P hd can be evaluated as follows: {P}_{mathrm{nb}}=frac{B_{mathrm{nb}}}{A_{mathrm{nc}}} (2) {P}_{mathrm{hd}}=frac{D_{mathrm{nh}}}{R_{mathrm{ha}}} (3).
Seven independent PM sources were identified by PCA: steel (Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn) and pigment (Cr, Mo, Ni) manufacture, road dust (Fe, Ba, Cd), traffic exhaust (P, OC + EC), regional-scale transport (NH+4, SO2−4, V), crustal contributions (Al2O3, Sr, K) and sea spray (Na, Cl).
After the shipping ban went into effect in October 2005, the declining trend continued at a slower but significant rate of a 2.5% average monthly traffic decline (p = <0.0001).
