And apart from making ordinary people feel unsafe, one indirect effect has been to hurt their pockets.An "Agreement on Movement and Access" signed by Israel and the PA in November, which was supposed dramatically to ease the traffic of Palestinian workers and goods both within the occupied territories and across their borders, is already way behind schedule.
In 2009 the home affairs select committee, meeting under a Labour government, concluded that allowing foreign domestic workers to change their employers was "the most important factor in preventing forced labour and trafficking of domestic workers".
"It undertook notable efforts to prevent the trafficking of overseas workers and to protect Filipino victims exploited abroad," the report states.
The Irish government was aware of the trafficking of migrant workers into its fishing fleet as long ago as 2010 but failed to tackle the problem.
"The Sugar Babies," a documentary by Amy Serrano that Mr. Halvorssen helped produce, takes on the issue human trafficking of Haitian workers on sugar plantations in the Dominican Republic.
The House version of the bill would also broaden the obligations of America's federal (as opposed to state) authorities to curb the trafficking of sex workers inside the country.
The UN special rapporteur on the human rights of migrants has called for Qatar to stop the exploitation and trafficking of domestic workers in the Gulf state and do more to protect them from abuse.
In the past few years investigations into commodities tainted by slavery have included prawns from Thailand, debt bondage and forced labour in the global electronics industry and claims of the trafficking of migrant workers into the Scottish and Irish fishing industries.
The high trafficking of female workers, harassment, and severe working conditions faced by females at the destination country may de-motivate other females to migrate.
"The intent of the guidelines is to eradicate any existing or potential of forced or coercive labor, slave labor or human trafficking of migrant workers either at Samsung or among any of our suppliers," it writes, adding: "We will be strictly applying and implementing these guidelines across our global operations as well as among our suppliers".
