However, nodes at one-hop distance from the sink have to act as traffic forwarders of nodes that are not in the sink's hearing distance; thus, they end up dying considerably earlier compared to the rest of the nodes.
The type of skidder, the addition of slash, and the amount of forwarder traffic did not significantly affect the runoff rates.
It is known that slash reinforcements of strip roads reduces rutting and soil compaction, but few studies are after traffic with large forwarders on moist fine-grained soils.
First, Server F seems to be merely a forwarder of traffic of about 25% of Serer D's outgoing traffic, whereas Server G is a sink of most of Server D's traffic.
A requester node 0 borrows bandwidth from the helper node 4. The traffic flow is forwarded by some or all the forwarders between them, i.e., node 1 to node 3.
They can be categorized into two classes as shown in Figure 1: (a) protocols that exploit the traffic load information of a forwarder's 1-hop neighbor nodes, and (b) protocols that utilize the cumulative traffic load information of sensor nodes over a path from a sensor node to the sink.
Although energy and CPU usage are usually considered adequate for mobile devices on vehicles, it is still necessary to define a unified cost per unit data transmission to compensate the contribution of helpers and forwarders for their relaying the traffic.
In this approach, a node chooses one of its neighbor nodes to become the next forwarder by considering the depth field and traffic loading information.
The second factor addresses the traffic loading of neighboring nodes that may become the next forwarder.
The mobile router that is involved in the traffic relay between a helper and a requester is named forwarder.
Considering the remaining energy or the queue length of the forwarder's 1-hop neighbor nodes, the neighbor nodes with heavy traffic load or low residual energy are prevented from being selected as a next forwarder, based on their customized forwarding rules.
