Animal abundance is traditionally estimated using methods based on visual observations.
We examined the utility of January 2004 to April 2014 Google Trends data from information searches for cancer screenings and preparations as a complement to population screening data, which are traditionally estimated through costly population-level surveys.
This consumption rate has traditionally been estimated as 2 3% of body mass for rorqual whales, representing a daily average for summer consumption in Antarctica [45].
Plant available nutrients have traditionally been estimated with methods that utilize harsh chemical extractants in testing soil for inorganic N, P, K, and micronutrients.
Trophic dynamics of populations, a major concern in ecosystem studies [10], have traditionally been estimated from temporal changes in size structure based on a given size-trophic relationship [11], [12] (see also [13] for community-level studies).
Mullah Tarakhel is a leader of the Kuchi tribe, traditionally nomadic Pashtuns estimated to number more than a million people, and he boasted that across 18 districts of Kabul Province, Kuchis produced 180,000 votes for Mr. Karzai.
Estimated Cut for 1998: $1 million.
From those annual fitness measures, we derived variance in relative fitness, which is qualitatively similar to the "opportunity for selection" derived from lifetime fitness measures that is traditionally used to estimate the upper limit for selection [ 9, 15] (for a formal relationship, see [ 2]).
This finding was in contrast to our data which do support prognostic use of leptin in serum when added to traditionally used risk factors, to estimate risk for ischemic heart disease in women.
More traditionally, wind exposure is estimated using topographic exposure indices.
