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The first two species appear to act as mutualists, trading pollination for a nectar reward.
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Some 40 million years ago, they began exploiting a mutually beneficial exchange that bees and flowers had developed 130 million years before: a trade of pollination for nectar.
Fruit cultivation highly depends on insect pollination for fruit development.
Inadequate pollination, for example, can lead to deformities around the seeds.
It is also a bit confusing to me why the authors did hand pollination for reduced-pollination treatment plants - was this because reduced-pollination treatment plants did not receive pollination at all without hand pollination?
Some fig varieties may produce seedless fig fruits without pollination while other varieties require pollination for successful fruit set [ 19].
Controlled pollinations for seed production were conducted.
Additionally, 20 hybrid pollinaria were used for hand pollinations with each parent (10 hand pollinations for each hybrid-parent pair).
The cross-cultural pollination makes for an even stronger breed of comedy.
It's pollination time for a plant whose foliage alone is the size of a small garden.
Sidebar: Trading for Dummies.
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