Sentence examples for trading openness from inspiring English sources

It conducts the model for eco-innovation capability which is concerned four crucial factors: trading openness, the ratio of amount engineers and R&D staffs, R&D expenditure intensity and the investment on pollution abatement.

Here, g is the rate of growth of GDP. Trade openness (open) is the ratio of value of exports plus value of imports to real GDP, and inflation (cpi) is measured by the natural log of consumer price index.

So middle-class growth, trade openness and new businesses tend to go together.

And inequality seems to have a stronger effect on growth than several other factors, including foreign investment, trade openness, exchange rate competitiveness and the strength of political institutions.

"This achievement rests above all on openness: openness of trade, openness of ideas, and openness of what I would call the 'common areas' — whether in the maritime, space, or cyber domains".

"The W.T.O. has so far deterred economic nationalism," he said, "but the sluggish pace of recovery raises concerns that a steady trickle of restrictive trade measures could gradually undermine the benefits of trade openness.

In fact, say the authors, the opposite is true: there is still plenty to be had.Eyes on the prizeFirst, tariff measures are not the only measure of trade openness.

ln trade openness (trade vol).

Trade openness adds in economic growth.

Trade openness and energy consumption are interdependent i.e. trade openness Granger causes energy consumption and in return, energy consumption Granger causes trade openness.

Trade openness is also an important channel for increased competition.