"Generally, traders were aware that totoaba sale is illegal, knew the fish are only found in Mexico and claimed that smuggling the contraband between Hong Kong and mainland China is easy, with customs agencies not routinely inspecting fish maw consignments," reads the report, entitled Dual Extinction.
Experienced traders are aware that not all P&F signals will work out as well as the two in our example.
UK Finance surveyed 1,500 firms across the UK and found that 55% of sole traders were aware of the threat of invoice fraud, compared with 68% of small businesses and 84% of large businesses.
In 1735, a successful wife sale in St Clements was announced by the common cryer, who wandered the streets ensuring that local traders were aware of the former husband's intention not to honour "any debts she should contract".
The traders were aware that the trading was "likely unlawful", and ignored the warning of the head of Americas commodity trading Joe Gold, who "made clear the practice was unacceptable", according to the FERC order.
In the wake of last year's explosive commodities fraud scandal on Chicago's trading floors, the Merc's leadership had decided that a professionally developed seminar in ethics would at least help make traders more aware of the fact that, down in the pits, morals do apply.
The French daily Le Monde said police suspected that the second trader was aware of Kerviel's activities.
French daily Le Monde said police suspect that the second trader was aware of Kerviel's activities.
One important question, however, remains unanswered: In tipping cases based on the misappropriation theory, is it necessary, as some courts have stated, to show that the tipper enjoyed a personal benefit of which the trader was aware?
