Tradable spectrum property rights and flexible use policies are the two key prescriptions needed if a vibrant market for spectrum is to develop to satisfy skyrocketing demand as smartphones and tablets multiply.
The author suggests establishment of tradable private property rights in groundwater as a major institutional reform for communities to establish rights over the water they manage and to address the issues of efficiency, equity and sustainability.
Akamatsu, Sato, and Nguyen (2006) and Akamatsu (2007a,b) proposed a new dynamic traffic congestion control scheme the tradable network permit and proved its efficiency properties for general road networks.
It treats biotechnology inputs (genetic resources) and outputs (transgenic products) as ordinary, tradable factors of production under globally standardized intellectual property regimes and bolsters proposals to regulate biotechnology under the World Trade Organization.
For a pledged property with futures that are non-tradable or require expensive transactions, we should introduce risk appetite or use the traditional method for analysis.
For a pledged property with corresponding futures that are non-tradable or require expensive transactions, we should introduce risk appetite or use the traditional method to analyze.
But they have failed to address the products' fundamental weakness: that a lumpy property portfolio is being sold as a cash asset, tradable at daily prices with limited downside risk.
By utilizing this property, we design a trading-ratio system (TRS) of tradable discharge permits for water pollution control.
Paradoxically, even at this economic Round Table, I was defending liberal solutions against some populist trends in the Solidarity camp, like Ryszard Bugaj, who wanted some properties held collectively by workers rather than being made tradable.
