Donkeys and horses also use the wetlands as watering points but, because their value is in terms of traction and transport, rather than milk and meat production which has a well-identified price, they have been excluded from these calculations.
Van der Watt and Van Rooyen (1995) define controlled traffic as: "Tillage in which all operations are performed in fixed paths so that re-compaction of soil by traffic (traction or transport) does not occur outside the selected paths".
This suggests that the sandstone may not have been transported by waning traction flows whose sediment thickness decreases with the transporting distance (Shanmugam 2012).
Besides dissolved substances, rivers also transport solids in traction (i.e., bed load) and, most importantly, suspended load.
For traction force measurements, bone segment transport over 60-mm femoral defects was conducted under constant load measurement using 40- and 60-mm bone segments.
Essential information on variables such as the best velocity of distraction, the traction forces involved in the transport process and whether or not the position of the osteotomy is of relevance is lacking [9].
For one thing, journey planner apps have been getting decent traction — such as the urban transport app Citymapper, which took in a $10 million funding round last month — pulling eyeballs away from Google Maps in the process.
In clinical application, the screw in the tibial tuberosity will be removed at the end of segment transport and the traction wire will be cut at the distal end of the nail leading to a retraction of the wire into the nail.
Hyodo et al. [30] have recently reported a traction cable device for bone segment transport in the canine femur using an interlocking intramedullary rod for fixation.
In order to improve on existing models and develop a novel callus distraction systems (CDS), basic biomechanical knowledge regarding traction forces involved in bone segment transport (BST) is needed.
