The first one identifies whether there is a breakage, and, in that case, the damaged track is identified.
This is done to assure that those measurements which are likely not to belong to any existing track are identified as new roots.
Key levers for reducing the CO2 impact of track are identified as service life extension, traffic load reduction and the selection of low impact track designs.
Lubricious Ta silicate (TaSiOx) and amorphous carbon (a-C) on the surface of wear tracks were identified by SEM and XPS, and wear debris was identified by TEM.
'Noisy' tracks were identified and removed by first sorting the tracks according to their longitudes, dates and latitude intervals (mid-latitude, north polar or south polar), and then looking at the root mean square of data residuals for each track with respect to the POMME-5 model (www.geomag.us/models/pomme5.html).html
In the steady state, it was demonstrated that the Mo-coated samples under dry conditions had slightly higher wear resistance than under acid conditions tested under a load of 129 N. Several wear failure mechanisms, such as local plastic deformation, cracks, pits, debris, grooves, scratches and tracks, were identified after the tests.
Tracks were identified to the species level using species-specific characteristics [28].
Injection needle tracks were identified in Nissl-stained serial sections following standard procedures [41].
After tracks were identified, we quantitated association by applying a nearest-neighbor distance approach similar to that used by others (8).
Tracks were identified every half hour using 10 sequential rotations of 10 s each, similarly to the MPR system used operationally for migration research in the Netherlands (Buurma 1995; van Belle et al. 2007; Shamoun-Baranes et al. 2008).
