With that information, they traced the average trajectories of the photons by simply repeating the process while backing up the screen to create a kind of map.
Using numerical ray tracing, the paper studies how the average distance modulus in an inhomogeneous universe differs from its homogeneous counterpart.
Using ImageJ, the perimeters of the growth cones were traced, and the average pixel intensity in the defined growth cone area was reported.
Next, outlines of retrosplenial cortex area 29 and hippocampal CA1 region were traced and the average intensity and area of immunostaining were calculated by the program.
For example, for the 20 substitutions shown in Figure 1a (solid trace) the average ΔS is 0.45, which gives Z = 0.97 and is not significant.
(G ) Overlaid voltage traces showing spike bursts (red traces indicate the average).
The lower of the two traces is the average of 67 traces.
In Figure 7, individual calcium response curves (blue traces) and the average calcium response (red trace) for ∼100 150 cells are shown for stimulation at varying periodicities.
For each stance trace (brown), a smoothed trace is generated (using data from every five frames; yellow trace), and the average of the difference between these two lines (orange arrows) corresponds to the stance linearity index.
A calcium tracing, which is the average of three independent measurements, is shown in Figure 5 (lower panel).
