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Oxygen concentration traces were employed to calculate P800 by adding the dark oxygen consumption rate to the net oxygen release rate monitored under 800 μmolphotons.m−2.m−2.m−2
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However, the quotient between the traces is employed instead of their sum because it reflects more the intuitive notion of maximizing the trace of the between-class matrix while simultaneously minimizing the trace of the within-class matrix [ 26].
In our case, tracing was employed to monitor our system by adding tracepoints at the beginning and end of every important function call.
Given the demonstration of mitochondrial UC dysfunction by enzymology, stable isotopic tracing was employed to assess alterations in ureagenesis.
Monte Carlo models and ray-tracing models were employed to determine the sensitivity of the detected 185.7 keV photon to self-shielding properties, pipe thickness, and source-detector geometry.
For the latter group, procedures were employed to trace the new addresses of these individuals.
For this purpose, the digital image correlation technique and the finite element method were employed to trace the origin of these concentrations.
Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to trace the assembly process of the immunosensor.
Electron microscopy, helium ion microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed to trace Ag segregation during deposition and possible decomposition of amorphous SiC.
A number of different modelling techniques were required for the analysis: fast approximate simulation tools such as ray tracing and Gaussian beam methods were employed for initial analysis, with GRASP physical optics used for higher accuracy in the final analysis.
Attenuated total reflection Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (ATR-FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to trace the surface change during the plating process.
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