For the non-invasive tracing of cell lineage, lipophilic fluorescence dye DiI (red) and DiD (blue) was randomly microinjected into each of two different blastomeres in each embryo.
Immunostainings by different microglial markers, AIF-1, EMAPII, OX6, P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), indicated that microglia were not fully activated and tracing of cell proliferation by 5-bromo-2´-deoxyuridine revealed that only a small fraction of proliferating cells were microglia (less than 5%).
It will allow temporal and spatial overexpression studies and facilitate bona fide lineage tracing of cell fates.
As for MADM, the required mitotic recombination, although facilitates tracing of cell lineage, makes it less efficient to label differentiated cells.
Very recently, these latest results have been challenged, showing that there is no distinct signature conserved across reprogramming experiments (neither at the gene-expression nor at the chromatin mark level for the marks H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) [46], but rather a lab-specific signature [47], or traces of cell memory [48], [49].
Tracing of cell cycle kinetics, apoptosis, protein content, and mitochondrial respiration provides additional information on disturbances of cytologic processes.
Fluorescence traces of cell populations with synchronized oscillations were extracted from CellASIC movies using background corrected mean fluorescence intensity from the entire field of view.
Therefore, attractively, protein interaction modules and their relations with other proteins above can be thought as the dynamical markers (or temporal traces) of cell cycles in phase transitions.
The identifications of cell patterns will provide applications to the detailed investigations of diverse developmental cell stages and the extents of cell differentiation, which will facilitate the tracing of cell time-course and fate determination of specific cell types and promote the further and literal discoveries of embryonic and adult neurogenesis.
