Functional genomic approaches can reveal both toxicity pathways and susceptibility genes, through knockdown or knockout of all non-essential genes in a cell of interest, and identification of genes associated with a toxicity phenotype following toxicant exposure.
All of these metrics are used to infer consequences of toxicant exposure.
Strupp BJ & Beaudin S. Assessing the neurobehavioral effects of early toxicant exposure: A perspective from animal research.
This article presents a scientific overview and review of how toxicant exposure is estimated and applied to assess ecosystem integrity.
Understanding the mechanisms of thiol metabolism has special relevance to understanding the cell's defense against toxicant exposure and as the focal point in redox signaling.
This report highlights the differences between waterpipes and cigarettes in toxicant exposure and physiologic effects, patterns of use, social norms, the extent of evidence, and the policy environment.
Continued research, however, revealed that expression of the presumed hallmark morphological features was dependent upon the daily rate of toxicant exposure.
Difficulty in estimating toxicant exposure has impeded the development of field-based experiments that examine the effects of toxicants in natural situations.
For the majority of chemical stressors tested, behavioral changes were very rapid and observed often from the first few minutes of toxicant exposure.
We scored gross anatomical abnormalities and used light microscopy to identify tubular and interstitial lesions that have been associated with toxicant exposure in other organisms, including humans.
For instance, difficulty in traversing human-modified landscapes may isolate newly established populations from rural sources, while novel selective pressures, such as altered disease risk, toxicant exposure, and light pollution, may further diverge populations through local adaptation.
