The mature-domains of NTs protected against Aβ1 42 toxicity, whereas the pro-domains acquired a toxic role in the presence of Aβ1 42.
Some experimental evidence supports a toxic role of the polyQ amyloid-like aggregates, with toxicity being dependent on the nature of the aggregates, but others argue for a protective, nontoxic role for the mature aggregates.
There is a body of experimental data that points to a toxic role for galactose-1-phosphate accumulation, although the molecular mechanism behind this toxicity is poorly understood (Lai et al., 2009).
The voters of Massachusetts, seeking to reduce the toxic role of money in electoral politics, have been struggling for three years with recalcitrant legislators over the financing of a path-breaking "clean elections" law.
None of this has been edifying, and many American commentators, coming down from their post-Iowa high, have lamented that race can still play such a toxic role in their politics.
Despite the toxic role mortgage-backed CDOs played in the subprime crisis, literally tens of thousands of such instruments once enjoyed the highest possible ratings from the agencies.
At this point in time, as the GMC is becoming more assertive in protecting doctors in training, the question remains whether it will respond also to protect its most junior members from mistreatment and toxic role-modelling.
To verify the toxic roles of A β-AGE, we injected subcutaneously AG, an inhibitor of AGE formation, into Tg2576 mice for 3 months, started at 6-months old, and then measured the level of AGEs, A β, and A β-AGE by dot blot, ELISA and immunoprecipitation, respectively.
Nonetheless, we can conclude that, like the venom components of viperids and elapids, the major types of toxins we identified in the venoms of Hypsiglena sp. and B. irregularis show strong signals for diversifying selection, which is consistent with their putatively toxic roles.
Following gene duplication, paralogs can evolve so that expression of one copy, now encoding a toxic function, is restricted to the venom gland, whilst the original copy encoding a non-toxic physiological role remains expressed in other tissues [ 25].
It was presented within a seven-topic framework: definition, characterization, generalizability, relevance to humans, mechanisms, relevance to multiple toxic phenomena, and role in risk assessment and regulatory or public health policies.
