Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(1)
Exact(5)
Analyses should be performed both by intention to treat, which is conservative and therefore biased towards no difference, and on a protocol correct population.
Consequently, our non-responders group may have included women who were more similar to responders which would bias our findings towards no difference between groups.
For CVD incidence, much of the difference between regions was explained by imputing missing covariate values, with hazard ratios for the Midlands/Wales, North England and Scotland generally attenuated towards no difference in incidence compared to south England.
However, we felt the use of the same lecturer controlled for confounders, and that any spill-over effect would only bias towards no difference between the intervention and control groups.
With an equivalence or non-inferiority conclusion regarding a treatment effect, a potential source of bias towards no difference in the finding may be due to the proportion of participants in the intervention arm of the study who revert to the control treatment or those participants in both arms who do not receive any treatment at all.
Similar(55)
Eaton said these limitations should have biased the study towards showing no difference between the multiple birth rate among younger women in mandated and non-mandated states.
As mentioned, high bias signals shift the log-ratio measured in affected features on dual color platforms towards 0 (no difference measured) and the spot is therefore easily lost from the analysis because it will not be selected as outlier anymore.
These misclassifications will tend to bias findings towards detecting no difference and might underestimate potential differences observed across BMI.
Furthermore, the treatment difference in period 1 was greater than in period 2, so in the presence of a carryover effect, the treatment difference estimate would be biased towards showing no difference.
If the risk of inappropriately elevated ADH increases with increasing duration of hospitalization, then evaluating only the first 12 hours of IV fluids may have biased towards finding no difference between the groups.
In several cases, we would expect a bias towards finding no differences in our outcomes; in other cases, the effects are difficult to predict.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com