The net impact of tourism on output depends not only on how much cash foreign visitors spend, but also on what Britons spend abroad.
With the use of sensitivity analysis, the impacts of changes on carrying capacity, tourism numbers and output on GNI contribution can be measured.
Both Tunisia and Egypt experienced recessions in 2011 after a drop in output and tourism following last year's revolutions.
But investment, tourism, exports and industrial output are all down.The generals, many now sporting ministerial titles, have not been helping.
A report in 2009 by Ecotec, a consultancy, reckoned that historic buildings and sites generated £2.3 billion (2.6% of Scottish output) in tourism, construction and transport work, directly employing about 41,000 people.In this section Whose backyard is it anyway?
Tourism represents 15 percent of Greek output and provides one in five jobs, so a dip in visitor numbers would only make a bad economic situation worse.
Frechtling and Horvath (1999) estimated the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of tourism consumption on production and value added around Washington DC using the Regional Input Output Modeling System (RIMSII).
In the current quarter alone, according to the government, the Games boosted Australia's economic output by 1percentthroughugh tourism receipts, ticket sales, broadcast rights and sponsorship fees.
Disregarding expected growth in wildlife numbers in underutilised areas, the gross output for other (non-tourism) wildlife use can also be expected to drop to 75% of the current levels by 2080.
Tourism, which contributed around €32bn to economic output in 2012, accounts for almost 17% of GDP.
