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No sophisticated instrumentation is required to determine the toughness factor.
From this measure of flexural toughness, a flexural toughness factor (FT) is calculated.
Open image in new window Figure 2 Toughness factor for varying fiber content.
(5) When 20% fly ash + 2.5% fiber were added, toughness factor increases by 59% when compared to that of the 0% fly ash + 2.5% fiber; therefore, toughness factor decreases when fly ash content increases.
The toughness factor as measured by the JSCE approach is reported, and there is a good correlation between the steel fibers added in various percentages such as 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% and the calculated toughness factor.
Specimens of size 500 × 100 × 100 mm were used to calculate flexural strength and flexural toughness factor.
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The calculated flexural toughness factors increase significantly with increasing volume fraction of PET and PC-aggregates.
On the other hand, the lightest of the mixes at 475 kg/m3—registered higher flexural strength and toughness factors up to 30 days of exposure before succumbing to sulphate attack.
It is found that the wear resistance of BMGs is dominated by synergistic effects of strength factors, namely the hardness (H), Young's modulus (E), yield strength (σy) and glass transition temperature (Tg), as well as toughness factors, like the notch toughness (KQ) and Poisson's ratio.
Fracture mechanics experiments demonstrate that a small reduction in the inclusion's Young's modulus (∼10%) leads to an increase in the toughness by factor of 7 (∼700%).
Furthermore, transitions to a brittle mode of failure occurred in a stochastic fashion, and were associated with a drop in interfacial toughness by a factor of about five.
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