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This paper gives a critical review on toughening methodologies for hard nanostructural thin films, these are: ductile phase toughening, nanograin boundary strengthening and sliding, composition and structure grading, multilayer design, carbon nanotube toughening, phase transformation toughening, compressive stress toughening, etc.
The yield stress for rubber-toughened polymers is influenced by cavitation of the toughening phase in the glassy matrix.
The behavior of competition for free radicals between PLLA and toughening phase was pointed out and analyzed in this work for the first time.
To improve its ductility, PLA can be blended with polymeric tougheners (e.g., PCL, PBS, PPC and PHA) and the effects can be controlled by varying size, volume fraction, substructure and inherent property of the dispersed toughening phase (Liu & Zhang 2011).
This study is a fractographic examination of epoxy resin modified with scrap car tyre regrinds used as toughening phase.
Corrosion and wear resistant Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi intermetallic alloys with Ti2Ni3Si as the reinforcing phase and the ductile NiTi as the toughening phase were designed and fabricated by the laser melt-deposition manufacturing process.
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The present work opens up the opportunity to further enhance the toughness beyond 5 MPa m1/2 by microstructural designing with the desired combination of toughening phases.
The morphological studies via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a PP-g-MAH toughen phase dispersed in PA6CN matrix.
These property enhancements are rationalized on the basis of existing models of ductile phase toughening.
Moreover, in the ZrO2-WC composites, crack deflection is an effective toughening mechanism besides the ZrO2 phase transformation toughening.
A micromechanics-based model, which investigates the effect of the mismatch in material properties of the constituent phases on the transformation toughening mechanism in zirconia-enriched multi-phase composites, has been incorporated with the lamination theory.
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