Extrinsic toughening through hybridization allows arresting or bridging cracks.
Hardening and toughening through the nanomultilayer structure design have been achieved and particularly pronounced when the modulation period ranges from 5.8 to 10 nm.
Moreover, the dislocation pile-up at the grain boundaries caused grain boundary subcracks, which can induce crack toughening through mechanisms such as stress redistribution.
A combined route of CNT toughening through manufacturing a custom made prepreg system with CNT dispersion in epoxy and integrating vertically aligned CNTs as nanofibers to bridge in between prepreg plies is applied to achieve enhanced interlaminar shear strength (ILSS).
It was concluded that the application of electrical stimulation, whatever the pre rigor temperature, protects beef from toughening through the prevention of rigor shortening and the avoidance of inhibition of ageing enzymes.
It was also observed that the growth of these defects is not sufficient to ensure toughening through crack deflection, but that a further condition, that any growing interface defects must not kink out of the interface, must be also satisfied.
The research described here was undertaken to further elucidate the role of particle cavitation in toughening through comparative examination of epoxies modified by conventional rubber modifiers and hollow plastic particles.
The principles for toughening BMG through designed artificial defects are proposed; accordingly, some strategies for designing future porous BMG materials with high mechanical performance were presented.
[Their training] abandons purely recreational activities in favor of military drill and calisthenics, emphasizes body building and toughening achieved through hiking, conditioning exercises, and a going-over on the rigorous, man-sized obstacle course.
Sometimes pregnant women are advised that they need to prepare their nipples for breastfeeding while they are still pregnant by "toughening them" through methods such as rubbing the nipples briskly with a towel, pinching, and/or pulling on the nipples.
