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Consequently, the total watermark data rate is 34.14 bps which satisfies the IFPI requirement described in Section 1. Figures 7(a) and 7(b) show the original watermark and permuted watermark, respectively.
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where is the number of bits in error and is the total number of watermark bits used in the watermarking process.
A total of 910 watermark bits were embedded in the Lena test image by using DCT.
Table 2 shows the BER results expressed as a percentage of the total number of watermark bits for the two chip lengths and for each signal manipulation operation.
Check 'Include watermark' in the 'Watermark' section.
We also propose an extension of DFT-RDM that improves performance in the case of colored hosts under the hypotheses of a blind watermarking scheme and total ignorance about the attack filter both at the embedder and the decoder.
From Table 5, the total effect of semi-fragile digital speech watermarking on the EER was calculated to be 0.39 %, as shown in the calculation below.
In retrospect, this was the high watermark of a belief in a total, centralised, top-down, expertly based – but also benign – planning system.
From Table 6, the total degradation effect of semi-fragile digital speech watermarking on the recognition rate was calculated to be 0.97 %, as shown in the calculation below.
w(i) and (overline {w}(i)) correspondingly illustrate the original watermark and post-captured watermark; M represents the total amount of bits in the watermark image; ⊕ signifies the exclusive-or operation.
Due to using the singular values of four sub-band coefficients LL, HL, LH, and HH to embed the watermark, the watermark can be embedded in a total of 7 bits.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com