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The relative contribution of IVD height loss (measured on the anterior surface) to total specimen height loss across experimental conditions varied considerably, ranging from 19%to58%8%.
This debond propagated slowly along the top interface and eventually kinked into the core as shear crack and then grew in an unstable manner resulting in total specimen collapse.
This investigation provides evidence that total specimen height loss is not an accurate depiction of cycle-varying changes in the IVD across a range of in vivo scenarios that were replicated with in vitro testing.
The Corelok method measured lower porosity values than the soak/tap and vacuum methods due to how the total specimen volume was measured, though once the difference in volume was accounted for, it fell between those two methods.
Most in vitro studies are limited in the ability to partition intervertebral disc (IVD) height loss from total specimen height loss since the net changes in the actuator position of the materials testing system simply reflect net changes to functional spinal units (FSUs) used for testing.
Ideally, all tests would be run from the same sputum sample, but this may not be feasible due to total specimen volume.
Similar(49)
Burnt and calcined bone fragments represent 19.7% of the total specimens studied (23.9% of the Late Pleistocene assemblage).
It is dominated by Quercus hannibalii (VG 1 10)(2,191 specimens out of 8,276 total specimens), Betula desatoyana (VG 1 3)(2,128 specimens), a Zelkova species (Ulmaceae (VG 1 16)) (744 specimens).
No more than one-half of the total specimens of a single taxon will be loaned out at any one time.
The Calbug project originally began with support from a 2010 National Science Foundation grant to digitize the first I million — out of 6.5 million total — specimens from California's eight major entomological collections.
When the specimens were put into water the total specimens collapsed.
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