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All items correlated with the total scale to a good degree (lower r = 0.61).
Scale scores are calculated by averaging stress responses for the items on each scale and for the total scale to determine the overall stress level.
Because of the depression-related content of dysfunctional attitudes, we expected dysfunctional attitudes as a total scale to predict changes in depression exclusively and thereby moderate changes in alcohol consumption indirectly.
There are no published guidelines for dealing with missing values on PACIC, so we adopted the arbitrary criterion that respondents must have completed at least 60% of the items on a subscale or the total scale to be included in analyses.
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We also provide a scoring algorithm for comparing total and subscale scores on the full scale to the total and subscale scores of the abbreviated scale.
A typical standardization study [ 1] reported a Cronbach's α for the total scale equal to 0.94, which is comparable to the 0.89 reported in the current study.
Finally, a transformation of the total scale score to a 0 100 score was made [ 12].
The PedsQL is comprised of four multi-dimensional scales that include physical, emotional, social and school functioning which produce three summary scores of psychosocial health, physical health and a total scale score to measure HRQOL.
These ranged from minimal (e.g., 7.1% of healthy respondents in the 6 year old subgroup for the self-report Total Scale Score) to moderate (e.g., 49.2% of healthy respondents in the 14 year old subgroup for the self-report Social Functioning Scale).
These ranged from minimal (e.g., 5.5% of respondents in the 6 year old healthy subgroup for the proxy-report Total Scale Score) to moderate (e.g., 46.5% of respondents in the 2 year old subgroup for the proxy-report Social Functioning Scale).
Scaling assumptions were explored to examine the legitimacy of summing item scores to generate total scale scores, according to a series of criteria [ 15, 31].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com